Air pollution contributes to 12% of total deaths and PHP 14 billion in health care costs - who will shoulder the cost?

Inquirer News | 2007

Nearly 5,000 people (4968 to be exact) died prematurely on account of air pollution.  This is according to Phil. Environment Monitor, a joint project of DENR and World Bank.  While air quality according to the report has improved markedly because of phase out of leaded gasoline, solid particulate and air pollution continues to be a major health risk in MM. The use of unleaded gasoline has resulted in 10 fold reduction of solid lead particulate. The closure of coal powered power plants resulted in reduction of sulfur dioxide

Fumes and smoke come from some 200,000 diesel  powered and 170,000 gasoline powered vehicles. 

The effect of air pollution on health:   it contributes to 12% of total cause of death and cost PHP 14 billion in health care costs.

Who will shoulder the costs? The motorists, energy companies or just the poor victims?